The WESTMINSTER LARGER Catechism

Q 11. How doth it appear that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father?

A. The Scriptures manifest that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father, ascribing unto them such names,1 attributes,2 works,3 and worship,4
as are proper to God only.

Proofs

1 Isa 6:3, 5, 8; cf. Jn 12:41; Acts 28:25; 1 Jn 5:20; Acts 5:3-4, 2 Jn 1:1; Isa 9:6; Jn 2:24-25; 1 Cor 2:10-11, 3 Col 1:16; Gen 1:2, 4 Mt 28:19; 2 Cor 13:14

Comments

Although the term "Trinity" is not found in the Scriptures, the doctrine is implied and alluded to everywhere in the Old and New Testament. And moreover, it can be proven to be true to the absolute satisfaction of every honest and reverent mind. For, we can have no doubt from the Scriptures that:

  1. There is only one living and true God.
  2. That One known as the Father is God.
  3. That One known as the Son is God.
  4. That One known as the Holy Spirit is God.
  5. That the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, are distinct Persons.
  6. That the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are one in essence even without resorting to the first proposition.

Assuming the verity of propositions 1 and 2 (which hardly admit to any questioning or doubts), WLC 11 proceeds to show the verity of propositions 3 and 4, thereby showing that the Son and the Spirit are equal in power and glory with the Father. This is done by pointing that the Scripture ascribe to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, "such names, attributes, works, and worship, as are proper to God only

Consider first a most remarkable proof that this is the case by comparing Scripture with Scripture. In Isaiah 6, where the prophet saw the LORD in the temple and heard the angels ascribing praise with the words "Holy, holy, holy," we are told that the LORD spoke to him saying: "Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not &c."

Now, turning to the New Testament, we see John quoting the words spoken by the LORD (compare Jn 12:40 and Isa 6:10), and then affirming that Isaiah saw Christ and spoke of His glory (Jn
12:41). Then in Acts 28:15, we see the apostle Paul quoting the recorded words of the LORD (compare Acts 28:25-27 and Isa 6:9-10) as being the words of the Holy Spirit.

Secondly, consider how the Lord taught the disciples to baptise "in the name [singular] of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost" (Mt 28:19). As the concept of name in the Jewish mind and in biblical paradigm always involve reference to the essence, the Lord’s co-ordinating the Son and the Holy Ghost with the Father in a single name is an affirmation of their unity of essence.

Thirdly, consider how the apostle Paul pronouns a benediction in the name of the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit (2 Cor 13:14). This again indicates that they are equal in power and glory.

From these three indications alone, we can see that the Lord and His apostles clearly equate the Son and the Holy Spirit with the Father. But there is more.

The Son is clearly spoken of as God in the Scripture in at least 9 passages in the New Testament: Rom 1:3-4; 9:5; Tit 2:13; Col 1:15-20, 2:9; Phil 2:6-11; 1 Tim 1:15; 3:16 and 1 Jn 5:20. Consider for examples, Colossians 2:9, where Paul affirms that in Christ "dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily"; Titus 2:13, where he speaks of Christ as being "the great God and our Saviour"; Romans 9:5 where Christ is spoken of as "God blessed for ever"; and 1 John 5:20 where John speaks of Christ as being the "true God, and eternal life."

These direct statements are confirmed in a plethora of verses that speak of Christ’s divine attributes such as His eternality (1Jn 1:2; Heb 1:2,3; Jn 17:5; Jn 1:1); omniscience (Jn 21:17; cf. Mt 16:8; Mt 22:18l; Mk 2:8; Lk 5:22; Rev 2:18, 23); omnipresence (e.g. Matt 18:20; Matt 28:20);and omnipotence (e.g. Heb 1:3; Matt 28:18); as well as his working that which God alone can do such as creating and upholding the world (Col 1:16; Heb 1:2-3; etc); and receiving worship that is due to God alone (Jn 20:28; cf. Acts 10:25; Rev 22:8-9 etc).

Likewise, the Holy Spirit is spoken of as God. For example, Peter charged Ananias for lying to the Holy Ghost, and in the same breath told him that he was lying to God (Acts 5:3-4).

And similarly, many verse affirms the deity of the Holy Spirit by ascribing firstly, divine attributes to Him such as eternality (Heb 9:14); omnipresence (Ps 139:7-8); omniscience (1 Cor 2:10-11); and omnipotence (Lk 1:35a; 1 Cor 12:11); and secondly, divine works to him such as creation (Gen 1:2; Job 33:4); regeneration & sanctification (Tit 3:5); miracles (Matt 12:28); bestowing wisdom and illumination (1 Cor 2:10-16); inspiring the Scripture (2 Pet 1:21); and resurrection (Rom 8:11).

We have listed many proofs for the deity of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, but we would not be exagerating to say that there are just a sampling of the many passages we could summon to prove our case. The doctrine of the Trinity is an unassailable doctrine. God is Triune!